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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Vim常用操作及使用技巧

            
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        <p>早期版本：vi</p><h1 id="Vim常用操作"><a href="#Vim常用操作" class="headerlink" title="Vim常用操作"></a>Vim常用操作</h1><p>Vim是一个功能强大的全屏幕的文本编辑器，是Linux/UNIX上最常用的文本编辑器，他的作用是建立、编辑、显示文本文件。</p><p><strong>VIm 没有菜单，只有命令</strong></p><p><img src="https://zhong-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/blog/20190819202246.png!blog" alt="20190819202246"></p><h2 id="vim常用命令"><a href="#vim常用命令" class="headerlink" title="vim常用命令"></a>vim常用命令</h2><h3 id="编辑模式常用命令"><a href="#编辑模式常用命令" class="headerlink" title="编辑模式常用命令"></a>编辑模式常用命令</h3><ul>
<li><code>a</code> 在光标所在字符后插入</li>
<li><code>A</code>在光标所在行尾插入</li>
<li><code>i</code>在光标所在字符前插入</li>
<li><code>I</code>在光标所在行行首前插入</li>
<li><code>o</code>在光标下插入新行</li>
<li><code>O</code>在光标上插入新行</li>
</ul><a id="more"></a>




<h3 id="命令模式常用命令"><a href="#命令模式常用命令" class="headerlink" title="命令模式常用命令"></a>命令模式常用命令</h3><p>按<code>:</code>进入命令模式，如果当前是编辑模式，记得按下<code>ECS</code>。</p>
<h4 id="设置与保存命令"><a href="#设置与保存命令" class="headerlink" title="设置与保存命令"></a>设置与保存命令</h4><ul>
<li><code>:wq</code> 保存退出</li>
<li><code>:wq!</code>强制保存退出（文件所有者及root可用）</li>
<li><code>:w new_filename</code> 另存为指定文件</li>
<li><code>ZZ</code> 快捷键，保存修改并退出</li>
<li><code>:q!</code> 不保存修改直接退出</li>
<li><code>q</code> 退出</li>
<li><code>set nu</code> 设置行号</li>
<li><code>set nonu</code> 取消行号</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="移动命令"><a href="#移动命令" class="headerlink" title="移动命令"></a>移动命令</h4><ul>
<li><code>gg</code>  到第一行</li>
<li><code>G</code>到最后一行</li>
<li><code>nG</code> 到第n行</li>
<li><code>:n</code> 到第n行</li>
<li><code>$</code> 移至行尾</li>
<li><code>0</code> 移至行首</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h4 id="删除命令"><a href="#删除命令" class="headerlink" title="删除命令"></a>删除命令</h4><ul>
<li><code>x</code> 删除光标所在处的字符</li>
<li><code>nx</code>删除光标所在处后n个字符</li>
<li><code>dd</code> 删除光标所在行</li>
<li><code>dG</code>删除光标所在行到文件末尾的内容</li>
<li><code>D</code>删除光标所在处到行尾的内容</li>
<li><code>:n1,n2d</code> 删除指定范围的行</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="复制和剪切命令"><a href="#复制和剪切命令" class="headerlink" title="复制和剪切命令"></a>复制和剪切命令</h4><p>复制是yy和p和组合键</p>
<p>剪切是dd和p的组合键</p>
<ul>
<li><code>yy</code>复制当前行</li>
<li><code>nyy</code> 复制当前行一下的n行</li>
<li><code>dd</code> 剪切当前行</li>
<li><code>ndd</code> 剪切当前行一下的n行</li>
<li><code>p</code>或<code>P</code> 粘贴在当前光标所在行下或行上 </li>
</ul>
<h4 id="替换和撤销命令"><a href="#替换和撤销命令" class="headerlink" title="替换和撤销命令"></a>替换和撤销命令</h4><ul>
<li><code>r</code> 取代光标所在处的字符</li>
<li><code>R</code> 从光标所在处开始替换字符,按Esc结束</li>
<li><code>u</code> 撤销上一步操作</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="检索命令"><a href="#检索命令" class="headerlink" title="检索命令"></a>检索命令</h4><ul>
<li><code>/string</code> 检索指定字符串，检索时忽略大小写 <code>:set ic</code> 检索时不忽略大小写 ：<code>set noic</code>   </li>
<li><code>n</code> 搜索指定字符串的下一个出现位置</li>
<li><code>:%s/old/new/g</code> 全文替换指定字符串 ,如果后面是<code>c</code>就会替换时询问你</li>
<li><code>:n1,n2s/old/new/g</code> 在一定范围内替换指定字符串</li>
</ul>
<p>#### </p>
<h1 id="一些使用技巧"><a href="#一些使用技巧" class="headerlink" title="一些使用技巧"></a>一些使用技巧</h1><h2 id="导入命令执行结果"><a href="#导入命令执行结果" class="headerlink" title="导入命令执行结果"></a>导入命令执行结果</h2><p>如果需要把一个vim文件的内容导入到当前编辑内容中</p>
<p>使用<code>r! 文件名</code>即可</p>
<p>该命令会把某个vim文件的当前光标所在行内容导入当前编辑内容中</p>
<p><code>:which 命令</code> 查找某个命令的位置</p>
<h2 id="定义快捷键"><a href="#定义快捷键" class="headerlink" title="定义快捷键"></a>定义快捷键</h2><p><code>:map 快捷键触发命令</code></p>
<p>例如：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>map ^P I#&lt;ESC&gt;</code></li>
</ul>
<p>如果要实现一个快速注释某一行的命令，需要四部</p>
<ol>
<li>进入编辑模式</li>
<li>使用<code>I</code>移至行首</li>
<li>输入<code>#</code></li>
<li>按<code>ESC</code>回到命令模式</li>
</ol>
<p>如果用快捷键，可以快速完成这个操作</p>
<p><code>:map ^p I#&lt;ESC&gt;</code>  ^P 可以用<code>ctrl+V+P</code>弄出来，表示要当按下<code>ctrl+p</code>的时候触发。</p>
<p>如果需要去掉注释可以用一下方式定义快捷键</p>
<p><code>:map ^B 0x</code> 然后就可以去掉注释了。</p>
<p>如果需要添加个人邮箱</p>
<p><code>:map ^H i610596547@qq.com&lt;ESC&gt;</code></p>
<h2 id="连续行注释"><a href="#连续行注释" class="headerlink" title="连续行注释"></a>连续行注释</h2><ul>
<li><code>:n1,n2s/^/#g</code> </li>
</ul>
<p><code>n1,n2s</code>表示指定范围行 <code>/^/#g</code>在行首替换字符（也就是增加）</p>
<p>如果需要把连续行的注释去掉，也是用替换</p>
<ul>
<li><code>:n1,n2s^#//g</code></li>
</ul>
<p>其实就是正则表达式的简单应用。</p>
<p>如果要用<code>//</code>连续注释</p>
<p>可以用</p>
<ul>
<li><code>:n1,n2s/^/\/\//g</code>其中<code>\/\/</code>是<code>//</code>的转义</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="替代命令"><a href="#替代命令" class="headerlink" title="替代命令"></a>替代命令</h2><p><code>:ab 替代文本 被替代文本</code></p>
<p>例如：</p>
<p><code>:ab mail 610596547</code></p>
<h2 id="保存快捷键"><a href="#保存快捷键" class="headerlink" title="保存快捷键"></a>保存快捷键</h2><p>在root用户在<code>/root/.vimrc</code>下可写入快捷键</p>
<p>如果是别的用户则在<code>/home/username/.vimrc</code>下写入</p>
<p>centos7 会自动帮你写入，而且文件名变为了<code>.viminfo</code></p>

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